Construction of the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Package C at PKBM Al-Kayyis Indonesia Gresik

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v5i4.2009

Authors

  • Widodo Widodo Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Gunarti Dwi Lestari Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Heryanto Susilo Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Widya Nusantara Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Tri Qodriyati Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Arif Firmansyah De Yah University

Keywords:

Construction, Entrepreneurship, Agribusiness, Edu_farm, Package C, Non-formal education

Abstract

Entrepreneurship education is increasingly important for Package C students, an equivalency program at the senior high school level, as graduates may face limited employment opportunities and need the capacity to create independent livelihoods. However, how an entrepreneurial spirit is developed among Package C students through non-formal education remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to explore the process through which entrepreneurial spirit is constructed among Package C students and how it encourages them to establish independent businesses. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving the head of a Community Learning Center (CLC), four tutors, and 12 Package C students at PKBM Alkayyis Indonesia. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that entrepreneurial spirit is constructed through structured learning and guided practice in five interrelated stages: (1) developing self-awareness of socio-economic conditions and values rooted in culture, ethics, and religious morality; (2) building an understanding of entrepreneurship as a problem-solving activity aligned with personal interests; (3) strengthening entrepreneurial behavior through training and guided agribusiness practice; (4) habituating entrepreneurial activities through regular and independent hands-on practice; and (5) internalizing entrepreneurial qualities, including courage to experiment, initiative, innovation, creativity, self-confidence, and perseverance. These findings indicate that entrepreneurial spirit develops through a gradual process combining awareness, knowledge, reinforcement, and repeated practice. The study highlights the potential of structured, practice-oriented entrepreneurship learning in non-formal education to foster students’ independence and entrepreneurial action.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Billett, “Lifelong learning and self: work, subjectivity and learning,” Studies in Continuing Education, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1–16, Mar. 2010, doi: 10.1080/01580370903534223.

P. A. Gouthro, “Lifelong learning in a globalized world: The need for critical social theory in adult and lifelong education,” International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 107–121, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1080/02601370.2022.2033863.

D. Sudjana, Pendidikan Nonformal: Wawasan, Sejarah Perkembangan, Filsafat dan Teori Pendukung, serta Asas, 3rd ed. Bandung: Falah Production, 2010.

A. Gimbuta, “Non-formal Education: A Logical Analysis of the Term,” Journal Plus Education, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 266–286, 2011.

S. Black, “Lifelong learning as cruel optimism: Considering the discourses of lifelong learning and techno-solutionism in South African education,” International Review of Education, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 673–689, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11159-021-09924-8.

S. Belete, C. Duke, H. Hinzen, A. Owusu-Boampong, and H. P. Khau, “Community Learning Centres (CLCs) for Adult Learning and Education (ALE): development in and by communities,” International Review of Education, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 259–290, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11159-022-09954-w.

R. A. Buchholz and S. B. Rosenthal, “The Spirit of Entrepreneurship and the Qualities of Moral Decision Making: Toward A Unifying Framework,” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 307–315, Sep. 2005, doi: 10.1007/s10551-005-0137-0.

J. Velez-Ocampo, A. A. Garcia, and J. Arias-Pérez, “Innovation within international entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda,” Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10843-025-00382-z.

Ach. Fatchan, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: 10 Langkah Penelitian Kualitatif Pendekatan Konstruksi dan Fenomenologi. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang Press (UM Press), 2013.

T. Neumann, “The impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and its determinants: a systematic review,” Management Review Quarterly, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 553–584, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11301-020-00193-7.

E. Nave and J. J. Ferreira, “A systematic international entrepreneurship review and future research agenda,” Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 639–674, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1108/CCSM-11-2021-0204.

G. A. . Yukl, Leadership in organizations. Prentice Hall, 2010.

I. I. Azkiya and H. D. Kriswanto, “Peran lembaga pemberdayaan masyarakat kelurahan (LPMK) dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat,” Jurnal Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (JP2M), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 724–739, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.33474/jp2m.v5i4.22088.

David. Clutterbuck, Susan. Kernaghan, and Deborah. Snow, Daya pemberdayaan : menggali dan meningkatkan potensi karyawan anda. Jakarta: Kogan Page, 2003.

Donna. Hardina, An empowering approach to managing social service organizations. Springer, 2007.

I. Rukminto. Adi, Intervensi komunitas : pengembangan masyarakat sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Rajawali Pers, 2008.

Genik Puji Yuhanda and Muhibudin Wijaya Laksana, “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Digital,” Community Empowerment : Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27–34, May 2024, doi: 10.15575/commen.v2i1.720.

Natasya Ika Suryaningsih, Agung Winarno, and Wening Patmi Rahayu, “Konsep Dasar Kewirausahaan : Fondasi Teoritis dalam Membangun Jiwa Wirausaha di Era Modern,” Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi dan Manajemen, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 01–10, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.30640/inisiatif.v5i1.5503.

S. R. Tanoto and R. D. Indrastata, “Entrepreneurial Mindset, Emotional Intelligence, Grit, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy dan Entrepreneurial Intention Generazi Z,” Psychopreneur Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 13–28, May 2025, doi: 10.37715/psy.v9i1.4509.

J. Cui and R. Bell, “Behavioural entrepreneurial mindset: How entrepreneurial education activity impacts entrepreneurial intention and behaviour,” The International Journal of Management Education, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 100639, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100639.

J. J. Daspit, C. J. Fox, and S. K. Findley, “Entrepreneurial mindset: An integrated definition, a review of current insights, and directions for future research,” Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 12–44, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1080/00472778.2021.1907583.

A. Astuti, “Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Pembentukan Jiwa Kewirausahaan di Lingkungan Mahasiswa STPKat Semarang,” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Katolik, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 149–169, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.52110/jppak.v1i2.32.

R. U. Nasution, “Strategi Memulai Bisnis Baru dalam Berwirausaha,” JURNAL SYNTAX IMPERATIF : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 163, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.36418/syntax-imperatif.v3i3.164.

G. Memarista, O. Wijaya, T. Cahyadi, and M. Afandi, “Does Risk Taking Behavior Drive MSME Innovation During Covid-19 Pandemic?,” Matrik : Jurnal Manajemen, Strategi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, p. 179, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.24843/MATRIK:JMBK.2022.v16.i01.p14.

S. Rahmawati and T. S. Nugrahani, “Pengembangan Pendekatan Kreatif Inovatif Untuk Meningkatkan Jiwa Kewirausahaan,” Jurnal Ekonomi Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 129, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.26740/jepk.v7n2.p129-144.

J. W. , & C. J. D. Creswell, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). . 2018.

M. B. Miles and A. M. Huberman, Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 1994.

G. Ritzer, Teori Sosiologi: Dari Sosiologi Klasik sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2014.

M. Fretschner and S. Weber, “Measuring and Understanding the Effects of Entrepreneurial Awareness Education,” Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 410–428, Jul. 2013, doi: 10.1111/jsbm.12019.

F. Iddris, “Entrepreneurship education on international entrepreneurship intention: the role of entrepreneurship alertness, proactive personality, innovative behaviour and global mindset,” Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 640–662, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.1108/JARHE-09-2023-0424.

M. Thomas, “Supermarket top-up of Healthy Start vouchers increases fruit and vegetable purchases in low-income households,” Nutr. Bull., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 353–364, 2023, doi: 10.1111/nbu.12627.

E. H. Al Lawati, I. A. Jumaan, U. H. Abdul Kohar, and A. Tarhini, “Entrepreneurial intention revisited: The roles of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial culture, and social media usage,” The International Journal of Management Education, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 101288, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101288.

Y. Li, P. Wang, and Y.-J. Liang, “Influence of Entrepreneurial Experience, Alertness, and Prior Knowledge on Opportunity Recognition,” Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1575–1583, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.2224/sbp.2015.43.9.1575.

J. Tang, K. M. (Micki) Kacmar, and L. Busenitz, “Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities,” J. Bus. Ventur., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 77–94, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.07.001.

I. Otache, J. E. Edopkolor, I. A. Sani, and K. Umar, “Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: Do entrepreneurial self-efficacy, alertness and opportunity recognition matter?,” The International Journal of Management Education, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 100917, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100917.

I. Al Jubari, A. Hassan, and J. Hashim, “The role of autonomy as a predictor of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Yemen,” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 325, 2017, doi: 10.1504/IJESB.2017.081950.

M. van Gelderen, “Autonomy as the guiding aim of entrepreneurship education,” Education + Training, vol. 52, no. 8/9, pp. 710–721, Nov. 2010, doi: 10.1108/00400911011089006.

C. Sutter, G. D. Bruton, and J. Chen, “Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions,” J. Bus. Ventur., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 197–214, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.003.

G. D. Bruton, D. J. Ketchen, and R. D. Ireland, “Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty,” J. Bus. Ventur., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 683–689, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.002.

S. Mitchelmore and J. Rowley, “Entrepreneurial competencies: a literature review and development agenda,” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 92–111, Mar. 2010, doi: 10.1108/13552551011026995.

M. H. Morris, J. W. Webb, J. Fu, and S. Singhal, “A Competency-Based Perspective on Entrepreneurship Education: Conceptual and Empirical Insights,” Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 352–369, Jul. 2013, doi: 10.1111/jsbm.12023.

T. ’Ulya Qodriyati, A. Rasyad, U. Dayati, Sucipto, and Sopingi, “Family resilience in long-distance marriages (phenomenological study of open communication in military families),” Multidisciplinary Science Journal, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 2026383, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.31893/multiscience.2026383.

Richard Rogers, “Information Politics on the Web,” MIT Press, 2004.

J.-M. Sahut, L. Iandoli, and F. Teulon, “The age of digital entrepreneurship,” Small Business Economics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1159–1169, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11187-019-00260-8.

S. Kraus, C. Palmer, N. Kailer, F. L. Kallinger, and J. Spitzer, “Digital entrepreneurship,” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-06-2018-0425.

A. Hidayat and A. Sukroni, “The Value Inheritance of Family System in Islamic Tradition: Birr-ul-Walidayn,” Ulum Islamiyyah, vol. 22, pp. 21–28, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.33102/uij.vol22no0.5.

E. Uche and N. Ngepah, “Improving household well‐being through entrepreneurship and inclusive finance in the context of the Next‐11 countries,” Int. Soc. Sci. J., vol. 74, no. 253, pp. 1135–1153, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1111/issj.12501.

V. Vial and J. Hanoteau, “Returns to Micro-Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy: A Quantile Study of Entrepreneurial Indonesian Households’ Welfare,” World Dev., vol. 74, pp. 142–157, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.04.008.

W. Widodo, I. K. Atmaja, H. Siswanto, A. Firmansyah, and A. Yusuf, “Entrepreneurship-Based Non-Formal Education Program Development Through Coaching Clinic,” Journal of Non-formal Education, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.15294/jone.v10i1.1587.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2026-08-31

How to Cite

[1]
W. Widodo, G. D. Lestari, H. Susilo, W. Nusantara, T. Qodriyati, and A. Firmansyah, “Construction of the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Package C at PKBM Al-Kayyis Indonesia Gresik”, J.Gen.Educ.Humanit., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 5831–5846, Aug. 2026.

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): August

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of General Education and Humanities

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.