Developing a Social Entrepreneurship-Based Nonformal Education Curriculum for the Socioeconomic Reintegration of Divorced Former Migrant Women in Indonesia

Rofik Rosyanafi; Gunarti Dwi Lestari; Wiwin Yulianingsih; Rivo Nugroho

doi:10.58421/gehu.v5i3.1526

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v5i3.1526

Authors

Rofik Rosyanafi 089676300425 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-6844
Gunarti Dwi Lestari Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Wiwin Yulianingsih Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Rivo Nugroho Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-787X

Keywords:

nonformal education, social entrepreneurship, women empowerment, curriculum development

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate a nonformal education curriculum for socioeconomic reintegration of divorced former migrant women in Ponorogo, Indonesia. A Design and Development Research approach was applied through three phases: needs analysis (n = 20), curriculum design and development, and expert validation, followed by a limited try-out (n = 12). Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, competency gap assessment, expert judgment, and field observation. Expert validation showed high feasibility with mean scores for content relevance (M = 4.60), learning outcomes (M = 4.50), gender responsiveness (M = 4.40), and feasibility (M = 4.20). The try-out demonstrated strong implementation outcomes, including participant comprehension (M = 4.25), participation consistency (M = 4.30), and satisfaction (M = 4.35). Findings indicate that economic reintegration and social entrepreneurship competencies are the primary learning needs, with psychosocial strengthening and digital literacy as supporting areas. The study concludes that the developed curriculum is valid, feasible, and practical, and suggests that nonformal education policy should adopt integrated reintegration-oriented curriculum models for vulnerable adult groups.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Statistik Kabupaten Ponorogo, “Statistik Kabupaten Ponorogo,” 2023. [Online]. Available: https://sadap.ponorogo.go.id

Badan Pusat Statistik, “Kabupaten Ponorogo Dalam Angka 2024,” 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.bps.go.id

M. A. Chen, "The informal economy in comparative perspective: Theory, policy and reality," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 395–420, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-023-00444-7

S. McKenney and T. C. Reeves, Conducting Educational Design Research, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Routledge, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105642

T. Plomp, "Educational design research: An introduction," in Educational Design Research: Part A: An Introduction, T. Plomp and N. Nieveen, Eds. Enschede, The Netherlands: SLO, 2013, pp. 10–51.

J. W. Creswell and C. N. Poth, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: SAGE Publications, 2018.

U. Flick, An Introduction to Qualitative Research, 7th ed. London, U.K.: SAGE Publications, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529781335

S. Brinkmann and S. Kvale, Doing Interviews: The Sage Qualitative Research Kit, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: SAGE Publications, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529716665

R. A. Krueger, Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: SAGE Publications, 2014.

S. McKenney and T. C. Reeves, "Educational design research: Expanding methodological frontiers," Medical Education, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 82–92, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14280

G. A. Bowen, "Document analysis as a qualitative research method," Qualitative Research Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 27–40, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

J. M. Morse, "Reframing rigor in qualitative inquiry," Qualitative Health Research, vol. 28, no. 6, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732317751458

L. Nowell et al., "Thematic analysis: Striving to meet trustworthiness criteria," International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

F. G. Benavides, M. Silva-Peñaherrera, and A. Vives, "Informal employment, precariousness, and decent work: from research to preventive action," Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 169–172, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4024

M. S. Knowles et al., The Adult Learner, 9th ed. Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429299612

T. Saebi, N. Foss, and S. Linder, "Social entrepreneurship research," Journal of Management, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318793196

N. Kabeer, "Resources, agency, achievements," Development and Change, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125

A. Cornwall and A. Rivas, "From gender equality to global justice," Third World Quarterly, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1013341

A. Fayolle and B. Gailly, "The impact of entrepreneurship education," Journal of Small Business Management, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065

H. Canton, "United Nations entity for gender equality and the empowerment of women—UN Women," in The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021, 23rd ed., Europa Publications, Routledge, 2021, pp. 185–188. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003179900-29

J. Mezirow, "Transformative learning theory," in Contemporary Theories of Learning: Learning Theorists in Their Own Words, K. Illeris, Ed. London, U.K.: Routledge, 2018, pp. 114–128. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315147277-8

H. Chaikovska, I. Levchyk, M. Fedoruts, V. Polishchuk, and O. Mazur, "Development of social competence in high school students in the context of nonformal education," Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, vol. 51, pp. 178–198, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2023.51.11

T. H. Morris, "Experiential learning—A systematic review and revision of Kolb's model," Interactive Learning Environments, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1064–1077, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1570279

A. Rogers, "Second-generation nonformal education and the sustainable development goals: Operationalising the SDGs through community learning centres," International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 515–526, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2019.1636893

S. Yousafzai et al., "Women entrepreneurship framework," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1551786

A. Peshkovskaya, T. Babkina, and M. Myagkov, "Gender effects and cooperation in collective action: A laboratory experiment," Rationality and Society, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 337–353, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463119858788