Enhancing Vocational Education Teachers’ Ability to Create Augmented Reality Instructional Media Through Participatory Training

Samsul Huda; Yari Dwikurnaningsih; Sophia Tri Satyawati

doi:10.58421/gehu.v5i5.2089

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v5i5.2089

Authors

Samsul Huda Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Yari Dwikurnaningsih Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Sophia Tri Satyawati Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Keywords:

Augmented Reality, Vocational Education, Stinger, Participatory Training

Abstract

The transformation of learning in the digital age requires vocational high school (SMK) teachers to possess the competence to integrate Augmented Reality (AR) technology into their teaching. However, most teachers still face challenges in developing and implementing AR technology. This study aims to determine teachers’ initial competence level, assess improvements in SMK teachers’ competence following the intervention, and identify the constraints and supporting factors involved. This school-based action research, modeled after Ernest T. Stringer’s “look, think, act” framework, uses a mixed-methods approach. The study collected data from 15 SMK teachers through interviews, tests, product assessments, observations, and questionnaires. Data analysis utilized data triangulation, descriptive statistics, t-tests, and NGain Scores. The results showed that most respondents were unfamiliar with AR-based learning media and could not create it. Participatory training improved the cognitive domain, raising the average score from 38.13 to 89.73; increased the affective domain by 100%; and improved the psychomotor domain, with the percentage of participants able to create AR-based learning media rising from 27% to 100%. Challenges included varying levels of teachers’ initial abilities, self-confidence issues, and the perceived lack of time for photogrammetry practice and 3D model editing. Facilitator support, project-based learning, discussions, collaboration, and a guidebook helped address these challenges and improved teachers’ ability to integrate AR into instruction.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. K. Amemasor, S. O. Oppong, B. Ghansah, B. B. Benuwa, and D. D. Essel, “A systematic review on the impact of teacher professional development on digital instructional integration and teaching practices,” Frontiers in Education, vol. 10, pp. 1–14, 2025, doi: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1541031.

Asrori and Rusman, Classroom Action Research: Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru. Pena Persada, 2020.

R. Y. Astuti, M. H. Nasution, M. Rifaldi, D. H. Adittya, B. K. Triswijaya, D. S. Raharjo, L. Romdhoni, M. W. B. Mahdi, M. F. Hasan, R. M. I. Wijanarko, and A. Haris Taqiyudd, Buku Manajemen Kinerja, 2021.

F.-K. Chiang, X. Shang, and L. Qiao, “Augmented reality in vocational training: A systematic review of research and applications,” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 129, p. 107125, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107125.

L. Darling-Hammond, A. C. W. Schachner, S. K. Wojcikiewicz, and L. Flook, “Educating teachers to enact the science of learning and development,” Applied Developmental Science, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2024, doi: 10.1080/10888691.2022.2130506.

Fayrus and A. Slamet, Model Penelitian Pengembangan (R&D), 2022.

T. N. Fitria, “Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology in education: Media of teaching and learning: A review,” International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), vol. 4, no. 1, 2023.

D. Hamsal, Manajemen Kinerja: Strategi Efektif untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Kinerja Organisasi. PT Indonesia Delapan Kreasi Nusa, 2025.

A. B. Hariyanto and U. R. Jannah, “Revolusi guru dalam pembelajaran abad 21,” Sigma, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 77, 2020, doi: 10.36513/sigma.v5i2.771.

H. Hatta et al., Model-Model Pelatihan dan Pengembangan SDM, E. Damayanti, Ed. Widina Media Utama, 2023.

I. Mustaqim, “Pemanfaatan augmented reality sebagai media pembelajaran,” Proceedings—2010 IEEE Region 8 International Conference on Computational Technologies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SIBIRCON-2010, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 728–732, 2016, doi: 10.1109/SIBIRCON.2010.5555154.

Y. Indarta, Ambiyar, D. Fadhillah, A. D. Samala, A. R. Riyanda, F. Ranuharja, F. T. Ayasrah, and A. Torres-Toukoumidis, “Transforming vocational education through augmented reality: A systematic review of current trends, challenges, and future opportunities,” Data and Metadata, vol. 4, 2025, doi: 10.56294/dm2025578.

M. Kamal, Guru: Suatu Kajian Teoritis dan Praktis, vol. 12. 2019.

O. Mendrofa, Model Pelatihan Berorientasi Problem Based Learning Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, 1st ed. CV AZKA PUSTAKA, 2021.

U. Muhayat, W. Wahyudi, H. Wibawanto, and W. Hardyanto, “Pengembangan media edukatif berbasis augmented reality untuk desain interior dan eksterior,” Innovative Journal of Curriculum and Educational Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 39–48, 2017.

D. Naibaho and L. Banurea, “Peran guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di era digital,” vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2024.

S. A. Nikou, M. Perifanou, and A. A. Economides, “Exploring teachers’ competences to integrate augmented reality in education: Results from an international study,” TechTrends, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 1208–1221, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11528-024-01014-4.

Y. A. Prawira and F. Nugraha, “Peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik guru madrasah melalui pelatihan partisipatif secara daring berbasis heuristik,” Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 307–316, 2021, doi: 10.37905/aksara.7.2.307-316.2021.

F. A. Rahma, H. S. Harjono, and U. Sulistyo, “Problematika pemanfaatan media pembelajaran berbasis digital,” vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 603–611, 2023.

C. Redecker and Y. Punie, European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu. European Commission, 2017.

J. Rohimat, M. Kamil, and I. Saripah, “Dampak model pelatihan partisipatif berbasis komunitas belajar terhadap kinerja guru SMAN 1 Gunungsindur,” Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1018–1034, 2025, doi: 10.55681/jige.v6i2.3722.

S. H. Sahir, N. I. P. Simarmata, A. H. Hasibuan, R. Feriana, Suesilowati, P. I. Indriasri, and P. Siagian, Model-Model Pelatihan dan Pengembangan SDM. Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2023.

M. Siagian, “Pengaruh disiplin kerja, budaya organisasi, kompetensi, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Sat Nusapersada Tbk Batam,” Jurnal Akrab Juara, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2018.

I. N. Sudja and A. S. G. Wahyudi, Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Graha Ilmu, 2020.

S. F. Sulaeman and N. D. Putri, “Pemanfaatan teknologi augmented reality interior dan eksterior mobil sebagai media promosi pada mobil Honda,” IKRA-ITH INFORMATIKA: Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 63–69, 2019.

S. Supriyanto, Q. Joshua, A. G. Abdullah, E. O. Tettehfio, and S. D. Ramdani, “Application of augmented reality (AR) in vocational education: A systematic literature review,” Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 205–213, 2023, doi: 10.21831/jpv.v13i2.54280.

A. Wahyudin, H. Yanto, M. P. Sari, A. Nurkhin, and A. Budiantoro, “Peningkatan kemampuan menulis dengan pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan (AI) bagi guru SMK Negeri 1 Demak,” vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 13–31, 2023, doi: 10.58812/ejimcs.v2i01.

Wibowo, Manajemen Kinerja, 5th ed. Rajawali Pers, 2017.

S. E. Widodo, Manajemen Pelatihan, 1st ed. 2018.

N. Yuniarti, Y. Rahmawati, M. Anwar, V. Hakim, H. Hidayat, D. Hariyanto, A. Husna, and H. Wang, “Augmented reality-based higher order thinking skills learning media: Enhancing learning performance through self-regulated learning, digital literacy, and critical thinking skills in vocational teacher education,” European Journal of Education, vol. 59, 2024, doi: 10.1111/ejed.12725.

D. F. Zega, C. Doura, V. Girsang, F. E. Nababan, and T. Tafonao, “Kinerja guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam,” Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119–137, 2024, doi: 10.62282/juilmu.v1i2.119-137.

T. N. Fitria, “Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology in education: Media of teaching and learning: A review,” International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS), vol. 4, no. 1, 2023.