Community Empowerment Model through Café Sawah to Enhance Income-Generating Activities in Pujon Kidul, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v5i4.1828

Authors

  • Edi Widianto Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-3613
  • Mustofa Kamil Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Joni Rahmat Pramudia Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Keywords:

Innovation model, Community empowerment, Income-generating activities

Abstract

Prior to the establishment of Café Sawah, Pujon Kidul Village relied primarily on agriculture and faced unemployment, limited economic diversification, and relatively low educational attainment. This study aims to analyse how Café Sawah functions as a community empowerment model that enhances income-generating activities in Pujon Kidul Village, Indonesia. A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 11 informants: a community leader, village officials, a BUMDes Sumber Sejahtera manager, youth organisation representatives, and Café Sawah managers. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, and analysed through data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and thematic interpretation; triangulation and member checking were used to strengthen credibility. The findings show that Café Sawah developed through collaborative governance involving the village government, BUMDes, local communities, and external stakeholders. The empowerment process combined community participation, utilisation of local resources, institutional coordination, and capacity building, thereby expanding locally accessible employment and business opportunities beyond agriculture. Tourism development reportedly created employment opportunities for approximately 200 individuals, involved workers from poor households, strengthened MSME participation and local product markets, contributed IDR 162.5 million annually to the village’s own-source revenue, and supported BUMDes-managed business activities generating approximately IDR 1.7 billion per year. These findings indicate broader access to productive activities and local economic opportunities rather than uniform income growth across all households. This study contributes an empirically grounded model showing how community-based tourism coordinated through BUMDes can connect participatory empowerment, village institutions, and local resource utilisation with diversified income-generating activities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

M. A. Zimmerman, “Empowerment Theory,” in Handbook of Community Psychology, Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000, pp. 43–63. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_2.

D. D. Perkins and M. A. Zimmerman, “Empowerment theory, research, and application,” Am. J. Community Psychol., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 569–579, Oct. 1995, doi: 10.1007/BF02506982.

J. Ife and F. Tesoriero, Community Development: Community-Based Alternatives in an Age of Globalisation, 3rd ed. Pearson Education Australia, 2006.

L. Razeto Migliaro, “Local community development,” in Encyclopedia of the Social and Solidarity Economy, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023, pp. 264–271. doi: 10.4337/9781803920924.00048.

G. Reshetilov, “Local Economic Development in Territorial Communities,” Ukr. Black Sea Reg. Agrar. Sci., vol. 26, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.56407/2313-092X/2022-26(1)-7.

P. Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 3rd ed. Harlow, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2005.

E. M. Rogers, A. Singhal, and M. M. Quinlan, “Diffusion of innovations,” in An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research, 3rd ed., Routledge, 2019. doi: 10.4324/9780203710753-35.

C. Yi, L. Ma, Z. Liu, K. Liang, and X. Huang, “Cultivating Regional Innovation Ecosystems in the Digital Age: Case Studies of Four Cites in China,” Sci. Technol. Soc., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 191–212, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1177/09717218231160425.

M. G. Jacobides, C. Cennamo, and A. Gawer, “Towards a Theory of Ecosystems,” SSRN Electron. J., 2018, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3218233.

B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. J. Quiñones, A. Zezza, C. Azzarri, K. Stamoulis, and S. DiGiuseppe, “A cross-country comparison of rural income generating activities,” World Development, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 48–63, 2010.

H. Bhanawat, H. R. Bharti, and A. Srivastava, “Diversification of Agriculture and Impact of Industrial Applications on Farmer Income,” 2023, pp. 148–160. doi: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5871-6.ch010.

O. K. Valerie, M. W. Ngigi, and R. Gitau, “Exploring The Nexus Between Crop Diversification,” J. Biol. Agric. Healthc., May 2023, doi: 10.7176/JBAH/13-8-07.

R. Ginanjar, “Community Empowerment In Tourism Development : Concepts And Implications,” Eastasouth Manag. Bus., vol. 1, no. 03, pp. 111–119, May 2023, doi: 10.58812/esmb.v1i03.82.

N. V. Utami and A. Kuswandi, “New Public Service pada Desa Wisata Cafe Sawah di Desa Pujon Kidul,” Governance, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1–17, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.33558/governance.v10i2.5636.

R. Shokhan, M. Kamenova, and B. Aimurzina, “Agritourism as a promising direction for the development of rural areas,” Probl. AgriMarket, no. 2, pp. 62–70, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.46666/2023-2.2708-9991.06.

Badan Pusat Statistik, “Persentase Penduduk Miskin September 2024 Turun Menjadi 8,57 Persen,” Berita Resmi Statistik, 15 January 2025.

R. Kusumastuti, M. Silalahi, A. Y. Asmara, R. Hardiyati, and V. Juwono, “Finding the context indigenous innovation in village enterprise knowledge structure: a topic modeling,” J. Innov. Entrep., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 19, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1186/s13731-022-00220-9.

E. L. Ballad, Y. Morooka, and T. Shinbo, “Ensuring sustainability of community participation in locally-managed marine protected area in north-western Cagayan, Philippines,” Marit. Technol. Res., vol. 4, no. 4, p. 258234, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.33175/mtr.2022.258234.

Y.-L. Liu, J.-T. Chiang, and P.-F. Ko, “The benefits of tourism for rural community development,” Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 137, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1057/s41599-023-01610-4.

D. Nurhaida, I. Busnetty, T. Tulus Tahi Hamonangan Tambunan, N. Fatmikasari, and A. Ardiyanto, “The Penta Helix Synergy in Creating DESA BESTARI a Smart Village Marvel,” J. Nonform. Educ., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 84–93, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.15294/jone.v10i1.1570.

J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2018.

Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016.

J. W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2014.

M. B. Miles and A. M. Huberman, Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 1994.

M. Finastiian, N. Torabi Farsani, and M. Mortazavi, “Traditional Weaving House in Isfahan as a museum for promoting last-chance tourism,” Museum Manag. Curatorsh., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 448–461, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1080/09647775.2018.1562362.

J. W. Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2013.

N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, Eds., The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2018.

P. F. Drucker, “The discipline of innovation,” Lead. to Lead., vol. 1998, no. 9, pp. 13–15, Jun. 1998, doi: 10.1002/ltl.40619980906.

S. P. Robbins, R. Bergman, I. Stagg, and M. Coulter, Management. Pearson Australia.

U. Lichtenthaler, “Five steps to transforming innovation processes: continually adjusting to new environments,” J. Bus. Strategy, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 39–45, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1108/JBS-08-2015-0090.

M. Machfoedz, Kewirausahaan: Suatu Pendekatan Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN, 2004.

E. Sarijani, Baedhowi, and H. Sawiji, “Peran Kreativitas dan Inovasi Pelaku Usaha dalam Diversifikasi Produk Kuliner pada Kedai Steak & Chicken di Kabupaten Magetan Tahun 2014,” J. Pendidik. Insa. Mandiri, vol. 1, no. 2, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://www.neliti.com/publications/13889/peran-kreativitas-dan-inovasi-pelaku-usaha-dalam-diversifikasi-produk-pada-kedai#cite

M. Arbarini, T. Suminar, and L. Desmawati, “Promoting Financial and Cultural Citizenship Literacy as Multiliteracy in Tourism Village,” J. Nonform. Educ., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 65–70, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.15294/jne.v7i1.27874.

Zubaedi, Pengembangan Masyarakat: Wacana dan Praktik. Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.

S. Najiyati, A. Asmana, and I. N. N. Suryadiputra, “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Lahan Gambut,” Wetlands International Indonesia. Accessed: Jul. 03, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://indonesia.wetlands.org/id/publikasi/pemberdayaan-masyarakat-di-lahan-gambut/

U. P. Sany, “Prinsip-Prinsip Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Al Qur’an,” J. Ilmu Dakwah, vol. 39, no. 1, p. 32, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.21580/jid.v39.1.3989.

S. Sujarwo, E. Kusumawardani, T. Tristanti, and F. U. Santi, “Women Strengthening Through Information Technology Literacy in Tourist Village,” J. Nonform. Educ., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 112–118, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.15294/jne.v7i1.29277.

S. Amirkhani, N. Torabi Farsani, and H. Moazzen Jamshidi, “Future strategies for promoting tourism and petroleum heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran,” J. Tour. Futur., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 338–350, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1108/JTF-12-2020-0226.

S. Cook and S. Macaulay, Perfect Empowerment: All You Need to Get It Right First Time. London: Arrow Business Books, 1996.

S. Marzuki, Pendidikan Nonformal: Dimensi dalam Keaksaraan Fungsional, Pelatihan, dan Andragogi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2012.

M. Kamil, “Model Pembelajaran Magang bagi Peningkatan Kemandirian Warga Belajar: Studi Pada Sentra Industri Kecil Rajutan Dan Bordir Di Daerah Priangan Timur,” Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2002.

C. B. Aslanian, “Adults as Learners: Increasing Participation and Facilitating Learning,” J. Higher Educ., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 587–589, Sep. 1983, doi: 10.1080/00221546.1983.11780181.

G. S. Becker, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001.

J. X. Ma, D. Buhalis, and H. Song, “ICTs and Internet adoption in China’s tourism industry,” Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 451–467, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2003.09.002.

S. S. Hadiwijoyo, Perencanaan Pariwisata Perdesaan Berbasis Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2012.

K. K. Swanson and D. J. Timothy, “Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialisation and commoditisation,” Tour. Manag., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 489–499, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.007.

M. S. Knowles, The Modern Practice of Adult Education: From Pedagogy to Andragogy. Cambridge Adult Education, 1980.

S. B. Merriam, R. S. Caffarella, and L. M. Baumgartner, Learning in Adulthood: A Comprehensive Guide, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2007.

J. Mezirow, “A Critical Theory of Adult Learning and Education,” Adult Educ., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 3–24, Sep. 1981, doi: 10.1177/074171368103200101.

J. Mezirow, Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1991.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2026-07-14

How to Cite

[1]
E. Widianto, M. Kamil, and J. R. Pramudia, “Community Empowerment Model through Café Sawah to Enhance Income-Generating Activities in Pujon Kidul, Indonesia”, J.Gen.Educ.Humanit., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 4481–4504, Jul. 2026.

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): August

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of General Education and Humanities

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.