Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion

Comparative Comparative Analysis of Islamic Bank Health Levels Using the RBBR and SCnP Methods (2021-2025)

Kurnia Dwi Lestari — 2026-07-08

This study aims to analyze the financial soundness and Sharia conformity of Islamic commercial banks using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) and Sharia Conformity and Profitability (SCnP) approaches. This research employs a quantitative descriptive method using secondary data derived from financial statements of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), Bank Mega Syariah (BMS), and Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) during the 2021–2025 period. The results indicate that BSI demonstrates the most consistent and superior performance, achieving a very strong financial condition under the RBBR method and maintaining a balanced position in the SCnP model. Meanwhile, BMS shows fluctuating performance, and BMI exhibits high Sharia compliance but relatively low profitability. These findings imply that the integration of financial and Sharia-based performance indicators is essential to provide a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation of Islamic banking performance.

The Influence of Social Media on Students' Mathematical Communication Skills in Mathematics Learning

Machrani Adi Putri Siregar — 2026-07-10

This study aims to analyze the effect of social media use on students' mathematical communication skills. It employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design (non-equivalent control group design). The sample consisted of 60 eighth-grade students, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received social media-assisted mathematics learning, while the control group received traditional instruction. The research instruments included a questionnaire on social media use and a mathematical communication skills test. The questionnaire used a 1-to-5 Likert scale, while the mathematical communication skills test was assessed using a rating scale with scores categorized into three levels: high, medium, and low, defined by intervals of values. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression and a comparison of means between the two groups. This analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results showed a significant difference in average mathematical communication skills between the experimental and control groups . Inferential analysis revealed that social media use had a significant effect on students' mathematical communication skills. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that social media use contributed 27.4% to the development of students' mathematical communication skills, with the remainder influenced by other factors external to the study. These results indicate that social media can be a promising pedagogical tool for improving mathematical communication skills through interaction, collaboration, and the interactive exchange of information. Therefore, integrating social media into mathematics learning could create a more communicative and participatory learning environment.

Reconceptualising The Geometry Gap: Theoretical Insights From Van Hiele And Constructivist Perspectives On Triangle Theorem Instruction In South Africa

Shakespear Chiphambo — 2026-07-10

Geometry forms a fundamental component of secondary school mathematics because it supports the development of spatial reasoning, logical thinking, and deductive proof skills. However, persistent learner difficulties in understanding geometric concepts, particularly triangle theorems, remain a significant concern in many education systems. This conceptual paper examines the factors contributing to the geometry gap in South African schools, with a particular focus on the teaching and learning of triangles and their associated theorems. The paper adopts a conceptual research approach that synthesises recent literature and theoretical perspectives in mathematics education, including the van Hiele theory of geometric thinking, constructivist learning theory and socio-cultural perspectives on learning. Through an integrative analysis of recent scholarship, the paper identifies structural, pedagogical and cognitive factors that collectively influence learners’ geometry learning outcomes. The study further proposes a conceptual framework explaining how these dimensions interact to produce persistent gaps in learners’ geometric reasoning and problem-solving abilities. The interconnected nature of these challenges offers theoretically grounded insights that may inform curriculum development, teacher professional development and instructional innovation aimed at improving geometry education. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on mathematics education equity and provide a foundation for future empirical research on strategies for strengthening geometry instruction in South African schools.

Islamic boarding school governance and Islamic boarding school education from the perspective of Qur'anic ethics with a case study of Al-Khoziny

Ade Aspandi — 2026-07-10

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) serve as important institutions for religious education, character formation, and community development in Indonesia. Alongside their educational mission, pesantren are increasingly required to strengthen governance practices to ensure institutional sustainability, educational quality, and public trust. The collapse of a building within the Al-Khoziny Islamic Boarding School complex attracted public attention and raised broader questions regarding institutional governance, risk management, and educational responsibility in pesantren environments. However, previous studies have primarily examined pesantren from leadership, curriculum, and management perspectives, while limited research has explored governance and educational responsibility through a Qur’anic ethical framework. This study aims to analyze Islamic boarding school governance and Islamic boarding school education from the perspective of Qur’anic ethics using the Al-Khoziny case as an institutional reflection. The research employs a qualitative library-based approach combined with a case-based institutional analysis. Data were collected from Qur’anic verses, hadith literature, classical and contemporary tafsir, scholarly publications on Islamic education, and documented information related to the Al-Khoziny case. Data analysis was conducted through a dialectical hermeneutic process consisting of textual interpretation, ethical abstraction, and institutional contextualization. The findings indicate that the Qur’anic principles of al-‘adl (justice), al-amanah (trustworthiness), and al-ihsan (excellence) provide an integrated ethical foundation for strengthening governance and educational practices in pesantren. The Al-Khoziny case highlights the importance of accountability, transparency, institutional supervision, and continuous improvement as essential dimensions of pesantren management. The analysis further demonstrates that Qur’anic ethical values can guide institutional decision-making while supporting the educational mission of fostering responsibility, integrity, and social awareness among students and stakeholders. This study concludes that effective pesantren governance cannot be separated from ethical values embedded in Islamic teachings. The integration of justice, trustworthiness, and excellence contributes to the development of governance systems that support both educational objectives and institutional resilience. The proposed Qur’anic institutional ethics model offers practical guidance for pesantren leaders in strengthening governance, educational quality, stakeholder participation, and long-term institutional sustainability.

AI-Powered CALL and L2 Pragmatic Competence Development among Indonesian EFL Learners

Cecep Agus — 2026-07-11

This research examines whether using AI-generated feedback enhances learners' pragmatic competence and how they engage with intelligent feedback during task-based communication. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design with 60 undergraduate EFL students divided into experimental and control groups over eight weeks. Results indicated that learners in the experimental group significantly outperformed learners in the control group in the pragmatically appropriate use of language, politeness strategies and contextually appropriate use of language. Additionally, the analysis showed that immediate and adaptive AI-generated feedback led learners to notice their mistakes, self-repair, and repeat their revisions in cycles. Qualitatively, learners described the AI environment as supportive, flexible, and less anxiety-inducing, which helped them feel more confident in their language use. This study also shows how AI-powered CALL environments can help learners develop L2 pragmatic competence by providing personalized, interactive feedback. Finally, these findings describe the pedagogical possibilities of intelligent feedback systems within a systematically designed instructional approach to support pragmatic instruction in EFL contexts.

Criminal Law Reform for Wildlife Protection Based on Ecological Justice: A Normative Legal Approach in Indonesia

Benny Karya Limantara — 2026-07-13

Indonesia's exceptional biodiversity is increasingly threatened by wildlife crime, while the legal framework established under Act No. 5 of 1990 has become inadequate for addressing contemporary ecological challenges. Although previous studies have identified weaknesses in wildlife law enforcement, few have translated ecological justice into concrete principles for reforming Indonesian wildlife criminal law. This study examines the urgency of wildlife criminal law reform and develops an ecocentric framework grounded in ecological justice. It employs normative (doctrinal) legal research, using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches grounded in legislation, international legal instruments, judicial decisions, scholarly literature, and institutional reports. Legal materials were analysed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, teleological, evaluative, and prescriptive reasoning. The findings reveal that outdated legal provisions, disproportionate sanctions, fragmented institutions, and limited recognition of ecological integrity as a protected legal interest constrain the current framework. Comparative analysis highlights the importance of aggravated offences, corporate liability, confiscation and restoration orders, proportionate sanctions, and specialised wildlife crime units. The study concludes that Indonesian wildlife criminal law should adopt an ecocentric approach integrating ecological justice into offence structures, sanctions, and institutional mechanisms. This study contributes a normative framework for strengthening Indonesian criminal law reform and biodiversity protection through ecologically oriented wildlife governance.

Traditional Car Repair Apprenticeship and Social Change in the Brotojoyo Community, Semarang

Amin Yusuf — 2026-07-14

While formal vocational training is widely explored, the learning mechanisms and Socio-economic impacts of traditional apprenticeships in urban informal vocational communities remain underexplored. This qualitative case study analyses traditional apprenticeship learning patterns and their Socio-economic impacts within a car repair community in Brotojoyo, Semarang. Data were collected from nine participants three experts, three apprentices, and three community leaders via in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. Findings reveal that the apprenticeship progresses gradually from observation and guided practice to full independence through specific episodes, including negotiation, unloading, workmanship, installation, and finishing. Ultimately, these structured yet informal learning phases significantly enhance apprentices' technical skills and economic welfare, while fostering social solidarity grounded in local wisdom values such as discipline, trust, mutual help, patience, and work responsibility. Theoretically, this study integrates traditional apprenticeship patterns with contextual learning theory. In practice, it offers an alternative, localized model for community empowerment to reduce unemployment and strengthen social capital.

The Influence of Mathematical Representation Ability on Students' Mathematical Communication Skills

Nurma Izzati — 2026-07-19

Mathematical communication skills and mathematical representation skills are two important skills in mathematics learning. However, students' mathematical communication skills remain relatively low, so a study is needed to identify the factors that affect them, including mathematical representation ability. This study aims to examine the influence of mathematical representation skills on students' mathematical communication skills in grade VII C at SMP Al Washliyah Sumber. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory correlational design and simple linear regression. The research sample consisted of 31 students selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument is in the form of a description test developed based on indicators of mathematical representation ability and mathematical communication ability, which have met the criteria for validity and reliability. The study's results show that mathematical representation ability has a positive, significant effect on students' mathematical communication skills. These findings suggest that students with good mathematical representation skills tend to have better mathematical communication skills. This research suggests that mathematics learning should facilitate the use of various forms of mathematical representation to improve students' mathematical communication skills.

Legal Protection for Doctors Performing Pregnancy Termination in Anencephaly Cases under Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health

Yusrawati Yusrawati — 2026-07-21

Legal protection for healthcare professionals remains a significant issue in Indonesia, particularly regarding pregnancy termination in cases of anencephalic fetuses. Although Indonesian law permits abortion on limited grounds, including medical emergencies and pregnancies resulting from rape or other sexual violence, legal uncertainty persists when anencephaly is diagnosed after 14 weeks of gestation. This study analyzes the legal regulation of pregnancy termination in such cases and examines the legal protection available to doctors performing these procedures. Using juridical-normative and empirical-juridical approaches with a descriptive-analytical method, the study combines legal analysis with empirical data collected from 34 informants and respondents, including obstetricians, police officers, healthcare professionals, academics, religious leaders, hospital management, and legal practitioners. The findings indicate that the absence of clear operational regulations for late-detected anencephaly creates uncertainty and increases the risk of criminalization, even when procedures are performed in accordance with medical indications, informed consent, professional standards, and accredited healthcare facilities. Respondents emphasized the need for clearer procedural guidelines, stronger legal guarantees, professional protocols, and coordinated medicolegal mechanisms. The study concludes that pregnancy termination in cases of late-detected anencephaly should not automatically be treated as a criminal act when conducted by competent medical personnel in accordance with medical, ethical, and legal standards. It proposes a lex specialis-based legal protection model to strengthen legal certainty and support future health law reform in Indonesia.

Clinical Pathway Compliance, Length of Stay, and Cost Efficiency among Inpatients at Marsudi Waluyo Hospital

Dian Prawibawa — 2026-07-22

Hospitals are under increasing pressure to improve service quality while maintaining financial sustainability under Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) reimbursement system. Clinical Pathway (CP) implementation and Length of Stay (LOS) are considered important strategies for improving cost efficiency, yet their financial impact remains inconsistent across healthcare settings. Previous studies have primarily examined the influence of Clinical Pathway implementation on service quality or Length of Stay separately. In contrast, evidence regarding the combined effects of Clinical Pathway compliance and Length of Stay on hospital cost efficiency, particularly in Type D hospitals, remains limited. This study aimed to analyse the effects of Clinical Pathway compliance and Length of Stay on cost efficiency among inpatients at Marsudi Waluyo Hospital, Malang Regency, using Gross Profit Margin (GPM) as the indicator of cost efficiency. A quantitative study with an observational, analytic, and retrospective design was conducted using secondary data from medical records, Clinical Pathway forms, hospital information systems, billing records, and casemix data. The study included 361 inpatient care episodes selected through total sampling. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the relationships among variables, and bootstrap analysis with 1,000 resamples was applied to enhance the robustness of the estimates. Clinical Pathway compliance significantly affected Gross Profit Margin (β = −0.341, p = 0.029), while Length of Stay also showed a significant negative effect (β = −10.385, p < 0.001). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influenced Gross Profit Margin (F = 30.800, p < 0.001), explaining 14.7% of its variance (R² = 0.147). Length of Stay demonstrated a stronger influence on cost efficiency. This study also contributes empirical evidence on hospital cost efficiency in a Type D hospital and provides practical guidance for hospital managers in developing evidence-based cost-control strategies.

Disharmony of Criminal Norms in Accountability for Illegal Skincare Distribution in Digital Marketplaces

Lulut Dyah Wardani — 2026-07-25

The rapid growth of digital marketplaces in Indonesia has intensified the circulation of illegal skincare products, posing public health risks and undermining criminal enforcement. Prior studies focus mainly on civil and administrative consumer protection, leaving criminal norm disharmony underexplored. This study analyzes criminal norm construction, identifies normative disharmony, and reconstructs criminal liability for illegal skincare distribution in digital marketplaces. A normative juridical approach was applied through statutory, conceptual, and case-based analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Findings reveal that criminal norms remain partial and sectoral, producing norm conflicts, overlapping regulations, and regulatory gaps—particularly concerning digital platform intermediaries and anonymous perpetrators. Normative disharmony is the primary obstacle to effective law enforcement. Reconstructing criminal liability through expanded legal subjects, corporate criminal liability, limited strict liability, and regulatory harmonization across the Health Law, Consumer Protection Law, and ITE Law is essential to strengthen legal certainty and consumer protection.

Reframing Collaborative Governance for Local Economic Empowerment: Institutional Insights from Traditional Culinary MSMEs

Ermanovida Ermanovida — 2026-07-25

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in strengthening local economies and preserving cultural identity. In Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, traditional culinary MSMEs hold significant potential as drivers of regional economic development; however, their management remains constrained by fragmented coordination, limited institutional capacity, and suboptimal stakeholder collaboration. This study aims to analyze the implementation of collaborative governance in managing traditional culinary MSMEs in Ogan Ilir Regency. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to examine the implementation of collaborative governance. The study is guided by the model proposed by Chris Ansell and Alison Gash, focusing on five analytical components: direct stakeholder dialogue, trust development, commitment to collaborative processes, shared understanding, and intermediate outcomes. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observational fieldwork, and document review, incorporating insights from local government institutions and associated actors, MSME actors, community groups, and supporting institutions. The findings indicate that collaborative governance practices have begun to develop but remain partially institutionalized. Dialogue mechanisms exist yet are not conducted routinely; trust among actors has improved at the institutional level but remains fragile operationally; and commitment is stronger within government institutions than among non-state actors. While intermediate outcomes such as increased business licensing, improved packaging, and digital marketing adoption have been observed, collaboration is still predominantly top-down and lacks sustained multi-actor engagement. Strengthening structured coordination forums, clarifying stakeholder roles, and enhancing participatory mechanisms are essential to achieving a more integrated and sustainable collaborative governance model for culinary MSME development.

The Roles of Regulatory Pressure, Organisational Support, and Data Quality in AI Capability Development for Fraud Reduction in Financial Institutions

Agnes Bieattant — 2026-07-26

The rapid expansion of digital financial services in Indonesia has increased fraud risks and intensified demands for technological transformation. Although artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in fraud detection, the process through which governance conditions contribute to fraud reduction remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the development of AI capabilities within Indonesian financial institutions by integrating the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and the Information Systems Success Model. AI capability development is conceptualized through three stages: AI Integration, AI Assimilation, and AI Effectiveness. Survey data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that regulatory pressure does not directly improve fraud reduction outcomes. Instead, regulatory and organizational conditions support Data Quality, facilitating AI Integration and strengthening subsequent AI capability development. Fraud reduction is achieved only when AI systems reach operational effectiveness. The results suggest that fraud reduction represents an outcome of organizational capability development rather than a direct consequence of regulatory pressure or technological implementation alone.

Not All Determinants Are Equal: A Systematic Literature Review of Education, Employment Status, and Household Size in Household Extreme Poverty

Yusuf Husain — 2026-07-27

Extreme poverty remains an urgent global development challenge. Determinants such as education, employment status, and household size are often studied in isolation, fragmenting understanding of their interactions, while findings are inconsistent, particularly for household size and informal employment, motivating this review. This study synthesizes empirical evidence on how educational attainment, employment status, and household size affect the probability of household extreme poverty, identifying patterns of consistency and inconsistency across prior studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, this Systematic Literature Review searched Scopus using a Boolean string combining keywords for education, employment status, household size, and extreme poverty. Studies were selected via inclusion and exclusion criteria on year, language, type, and relevance; extraction was narrative, without formal quality assessment. Twelve studies support a negative education effect, though two report non-significant or reversed results. Eight studies link unstable employment to higher poverty risk, but only two directly test the formal-informal dichotomy. Nine studies agree that a larger household size raises poverty risk, though the magnitude varies up to sevenfold. Education and household size offer the most consistent evidence as determinants, while employment status needs further direct testing given reliance on non-equivalent proxies. Future research should integrate all three determinants into a single model and apply meta-analysis to test the identified magnitude gaps.

Collaborative Stakeholder Networks in Elderly Welfare Program Implementation: A Social Network Analysis of the ROSELA Program in Lamongan Regency, Indonesia

Bagus Surya Dwitama — 2026-07-27

Local governments in Indonesia increasingly rely on multi-actor collaboration to deliver targeted social assistance to vulnerable groups, including the elderly poor. This study examines the stakeholder network underlying the Elderly Welfare Program (Program Sejahtera Lansia, ROSELA) implemented by the Social Affairs Office of Lamongan Regency, which provides a food-assistance cash transfer of Rp900,000 per beneficiary family (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat, KPM) every three months, reaching 80 KPM across eight sub-districts (kelurahan) in Lamongan District by fiscal year 2026. Using a descriptive qualitative case-study design, primary data were collected through in-depth interviews and field observation of purposively selected informants, complemented by secondary data from technical operational guidelines and integrated social welfare records. Data were analysed using Creswell's qualitative analysis procedure and interpreted through three complementary frameworks: Social Network Analysis (SNA), the policy implementation model of Van Meter and Van Horn, and Van Waarden's seven dimensions of policy networks. Findings show that the ROSELA network is complex and multi-actor, with the Social Affairs Office occupying a central hub position; high density at the operational level but low density across sectors; an isolated cluster of unregistered elderly; and the strongest triadic closure among the village head, social assistance officer, and food-catering provider. Policy standards are clear at the output level but not the outcome level; financial resources are adequate through partnership with a regional bank, but human resources and legal grounding remain weak. The network is best characterised as a centralised, hierarchical, directive network at a moderate level of institutionalisation, with uneven power distribution favouring government actors over beneficiaries. The study concludes that ROSELA is operationally effective but institutionally fragile, and recommends a permanent legal framework, cross-sectoral integration, and formal participation channels for beneficiaries.

Analysis of Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills of SMK Class XI Students in Statistics Material

Rika Agustina — 2026-07-27

The purpose of this study is to characterize students' mathematical problem-solving skills in statistics using problem-solving indicators, such as comprehending the problem, coming up with a strategy, executing the plan, and looking back, as well as examining the different kinds of mistakes that students make. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Purposive sampling was used to choose twenty-eight eleventh-grade students from SMK Perkasa for the 2025–2026 school year as the subjects. The research tool was an essay test that assessed mathematical problem-solving skills. In order to examine the data, students' skills were divided into three categories: high, medium, and low. The proportion of mistakes for each indication was then determined. The findings indicate that pupils' aptitude for solving mathematical problems was typically classified as low. In all, 57.14% of pupils fell into the low group, 25.00% into the middle category, and 17.86% into the high category. Error rates were highest while implementing the solution plan (53%), followed by coming up with a strategy (41%), comprehending the problem (25%), and looking back (39%). These results show that pupils have trouble grasping procedures and doing computations accurately. Therefore, in order to enhance pupils' mathematical problem-solving skills, instructional efforts are needed.

Designing an Integrated E-Commerce Digital Financial Platform for Small Coastal Industries Based on the Blue Economy

Trysanti Kisria Darsih — 2026-07-28

Coastal micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia face persistent challenges in financial management and market access, primarily due to low digital literacy and the absence of locally tailored digital platforms, which limit their contribution to the sustainable blue economy agenda. This study aims to design and develop "Jeruju Digital," an integrated digital platform combining a simple financial management system and e-commerce features, specifically tailored for MSEs processing Acanthus ilicifolius (jeruju leaves) in Jaring Halus Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Waterfall software development model, progressing through five sequential stages: needs analysis, system design, implementation, black-box functional testing, and user evaluation, with 20 MSE respondents assessed via a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. The resulting platform integrates two core modules — a financial reporting tool covering daily transaction logs, profit-and-loss statements, cash flow, and balance sheets, and an e-commerce module for product catalog management, ordering, and payment — achieving 100% success across 15 black-box test functions and an overall user satisfaction score of 4.50 ("Very Good"), indicating high usability and suitability for coastal MSE contexts. These findings demonstrate that "Jeruju Digital" meaningfully improves operational efficiency, financial transparency, and market reach for coastal small businesses, offering a replicable model for digital transformation in Indonesia's maritime sectors in alignment with the national blue economy strategy.

Reconstruction of Restorative Justice Policy in Enforcing DIY Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2017 Based on the Principles of Proportionality

Oktora Wahyu Wijayanto — 2026-07-28

Law enforcement of DIY Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2017 remains dominated by a repressive, legalistic approach that overlooks substantive justice. Despite the growing application of restorative justice in Indonesia's criminal law system, its integration into regional administrative law enforcement has not been systematically developed, creating a normative gap. This study aims to formulate a reconstruction of restorative justice policy based on the principle of proportionality in the enforcement of regional regulations. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, this study analyzes primary and secondary legal materials through qualitative interpretation and prescriptive argumentation. Findings reveal that restorative justice remains implicit and non-institutionalized in regional administrative law, while the principle of proportionality has not been optimally applied. The proposed reconstruction integrates dialogue mechanisms, administrative mediation, and proportionality-based parameters as a non-judicial resolution model. This study contributes a normative framework for more adaptive, humanistic law enforcement and strengthens the legitimacy of regional government policy.

Analysis of Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills in Solving Contextual Problems

Sri Bintang Robiatul Adawiyah — 2026-07-28

Mathematical critical thinking ability is an essential skill that students must possess in solving contextual problems. However, students’ mathematical critical thinking ability is still considered low because students are more accustomed to solving problems procedurally rather than conducting analysis and evaluation. This study aims to analyze the mathematical critical thinking ability of vocational high school students based on Facione’s indicators. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method involving 23 eleventh-grade students of SMK Budi Mandiri Tanjungsari as the research subjects. The research instruments consisted of a mathematical critical thinking ability test, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that 65% of students were in the low category and 17% were in the very low category. Students demonstrated fairly good ability in the indicators of interpretation and analysis; however, they were still weak in the indicators of evaluation and inference. Therefore, mathematics learning needs to emphasize evaluative and reflective thinking processes.

Optimizing Transdisciplinary Epistemic Knowledge Through STEAM+X-Integrated Epistemic Learning Patterns in Mathematical Comparison

Muhamad Galang Isnawan — 2026-07-30

Low transdisciplinary epistemic knowledge is one of the problems in mathematical comparison learning. Therefore, this study aims to optimize this competency through the development of a teaching module based on epistemic learning patterns integrated with STEAM+X. This study used a design-based research design. The instruments used were a practical problem questionnaire, a transdisciplinary epistemic knowledge test, and a teaching module. The participants were 36 people, consisting of 15 students (aged 13–15 years) and 21 educational stakeholders (teaching experience 0–25 years). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results revealed that identity and orientation crises, lack of spatial experience, pedagogical mismatches, and ecosystem limitations were the contributing factors to low student competency. The learning principles expected to be optimized were student-centered learning, technology integration, and learning ecosystem support. ELP-STEAM+X-AI was then implemented because it aligned with the previous principles. The study concluded that the learning was able to optimize transdisciplinary epistemic knowledge (Z = -2,96; p = 0,003; and r = 0,76 with large impact) because students were facilitated in constructing mathematical comparison concepts through various STEAM+X-based epistemic activities. This finding recommends that other subjects adopt ELP-STEAM+X-AI to optimize student competency.

Efficiency and Effectiveness of Government Expenditure on Health in The Districts of East Nusa Tenggara Province

Julius Innosensius Beon — 2026-07-30

Local governments have attempted to allocate health budgets in accordance with constitutional mandates; however, the life expectancy remains relatively low. This study examines the efficiency and effectiveness of public health spending in 22 districts/cities in East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) during 2017–2024. Efficiency was assessed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumptions. Effectiveness was analyzed through panel data regression from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for 2017–2024, lagged by 1 year, and using a fixed effects model. The DEA findings indicate that most regions have not achieved optimal technical efficiency, largely due to geographic constraints and scale inefficiencies. Meanwhile, the regression results indicate that government health spending does not significantly affect life expectancy. In contrast, GDP per capita and access to clean water exhibit significant positive effects. However, household health spending exhibits a significant negative relationship, indicating a significant financial burden for individuals. These findings highlight the importance of reallocating health budgets, prioritizing capacity building for medical personnel, and strengthening financial protection mechanisms through expanding health insurance coverage.

Limitations in the Effectiveness of United States Economic Sanctions in Altering Russian Behavior in the Russia -Ukraine Conflict, 2014 -2022

Azizah Amalia — 2026-07-30

Economic sanctions are widely used as instruments of international coercion, yet their ability to generate political compliance remains contested. The Russia -Ukraine conflict provides an important case because extensive U.S. sanctions imposed against Russia since 2014 have created significant economic pressure but have not resulted in substantial changes in Russian strategic behavior. This study addresses the gap in sanctions research by examining why economic costs do not always translate into behavioral change. This study aims to explain the limited effectiveness of U.S. economic sanctions against Russia during the 2014 - 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict and to identify the factors enabling Russia to resist sanctions pressure. Using a qualitative explanatory approach with an embedded single-case study design, this research analyzes documentary data from government documents, international organizations, academic publications, and institutional reports. Data were examined through directed qualitative content analysis and process tracing based on Drezner’s economic coercion framework. The findings show that U.S. sanctions were effective in imposing economic costs by restricting Russia’s access to finance, technology acquisition, and international economic integration. However, their effectiveness in producing behavioral change remained limited because Russia developed adaptive capacities through energy revenues, reserve management, import substitution, domestic institutional adjustment, and economic cooperation with non-Western partners. This study concludes that sanctions should not be evaluated solely by whether they produce political compliance. Instead, sanctions may succeed in imposing costs and constraining capabilities while failing to alter state behavior. The study contributes to economic coercion literature by highlighting the importance of target-state resilience, adaptation mechanisms, and strategic expectations in determining sanctions outcomes.

Reconstructing Inclusive Political Communication Styles: The Function of Personal Figurations of Female Figures in Regional Leadership Through Systematic Literature Review

Anida Kusuma Ning Ariati — 2026-07-30

This study aimed to examine the political communication styles of female leaders in local governance by applying the concepts of personal figuration and inclusive communication based on mutual relations. Using a systematic literature review (SLR), the research analyzed 15 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2015 and 2025 that addressed themes of female leadership, political communication, and digital representation. The thematic analysis focused on three core issues: how leaders' lived experiences shaped their communication styles; which elements of inclusive, mutual communication were employed to build socio-political relations; and how digital strategies contributed to political legitimacy. The findings revealed that narratives of personal experience and community values strongly influenced the communication styles of local female leaders. They adopted empathetic and dialogical approaches to strengthen relationships with constituents and strategically used digital media as a space for affective, personalized political representation. The study concluded that women's political communication styles represented symbolic constructions rooted in social, gendered, and cultural contexts. These insights contributed to the development of gender-sensitive political communication theory and highlighted practical implications for female leadership strategies in the digital era.

Integrating Adaptive Testing into Flipped Mathematics Classrooms: Effects on Prospective Teachers' Critical Thinking and Reasoning Quality

Arif Abdul Haqq — 2026-07-30

This study addresses the limited development of students’ mathematical critical thinking ability in conventional classrooms and investigates the effectiveness of a flipped classroom supported by adaptive testing. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of this instructional approach on students’ mathematical critical thinking ability. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design with a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group structure was employed, involving 64 students assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were collected through pre- and posttests, interviews, and classroom observations. Quantitative analysis using an independent samples t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in posttest scores, t(62) = 4.28, p < .001, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.07). The experimental group achieved a medium normalized gain (0.47), while the control group demonstrated a low gain (0.18). Qualitative findings indicated that students in the experimental group demonstrated more elaborated argument clarification, systematic process evaluation, relational inference and deduction, and strategic completion of missing information. In contrast, control group responses were predominantly procedural and recall-oriented. These findings suggest that the integration of flipped pedagogy and adaptive testing enhances higher-order reasoning processes and students’ mathematical performance, while adaptive testing is theoretically associated with more calibrated cognitive challenge and potentially more precise ability estimation.

Exploring Geometric Concepts in the Medan Post Office through an Ethnomathematical Approach

May Sharah Athifah — 2026-07-31

Geometry is often considered abstract and difficult to understand because it is rarely linked to real life and the surrounding culture. Therefore, a learning innovation is needed using the Medan Post Office. A culturally acculturated colonial heritage building studied in depth from an ethnomathematical perspective. This study aims to explore the cultural values and geometric concepts inherent in the architecture of the Medan Post Office using an ethnomathematical approach. It employs a qualitative ethnographic design, utilizing primary data from observations and interviews alongside secondary data from relevant literature; data analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal concepts of plane geometry (rectangles, squares, circles, semicircles, octagons, right-angled trapezoids, and isosceles triangles) and spatial geometry (pyramids, prisms, rectangular prisms, and cubes). The building embodies ethnomathematical elements resulting from the acculturation of local culture with colonial architecture, socio-historical functions, and environmental adaptation. This research enriches the study of cultural heritage ethnomathematics and offers potential as a resource for contextual, culture-based mathematics learning.

Analysis of Flood Management Effectiveness Through the Implementation of Drainage Revitalization Policies: A Systematic Literature Review

Sofia Ayu Anggraini Sulu Lazar — 2026-08-01

Urban flooding has become increasingly frequent due to rapid urbanization, climate change, and the limited capacity of drainage infrastructure, prompting growing scholarly attention to the effectiveness of drainage revitalization policies across countries. However, the literature examining the relationship between policy implementation and flood management effectiveness remains fragmented across different disciplines and methodological approaches, and has not yet been systematically synthesized. This study aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize scientific literature on the effectiveness of flood management through the implementation of drainage revitalization policies, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA 2020 framework. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Scopus databases using the keywords policy implementation, drainage revitalization, flood management effectiveness, and flood management policy implementation, resulting in 41 relevant articles selected from an initial pool of 312 studies after undergoing the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion. The synthesis identified four major themes influencing flood management effectiveness through drainage revitalization: governance and institutional coordination; technical and infrastructural capacity; community participation and social adaptation; and approaches based on natural processes and geomorphology. The findings indicate that the success of drainage policies is consistently determined by the quality of implementation, particularly communication, resources, implementers' disposition, and bureaucratic structure, as proposed by Edwards III (1980), rather than solely by the scale of investment in physical infrastructure. This study concludes that flood management effectiveness results from a multidimensional interaction among policy quality, infrastructure performance, and institutional capacity. Therefore, future evaluations of drainage policies should integrate these three dimensions simultaneously to achieve more effective and sustainable urban flood management.

The Effectiveness of Banten Culture-Based Ethnomathematics Teaching Materials for Learning the Pythagorean Theorem

Dinar Nirmalasari — 2026-08-04

Mathematics learning requires instructional approaches that enable students to understand abstract concepts through meaningful experiences. Ethnomathematics offers opportunities to connect mathematical ideas with cultural contexts; however, previous studies have largely focused on identifying mathematical concepts in cultural objects, while empirical evidence on the effectiveness of culture-based instructional materials remains limited. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Banten culture-based ethnomathematics video instructional materials in learning the Pythagorean Theorem. This study employed a posttest-only quasi-experimental design involving 60 eighth-grade students from a junior high school in Banten, Indonesia. The participants were divided into an experimental group ( ) and a control group ( ), with initial equivalence examined using Mid-Semester Test scores. Data were collected through a validated essay test and analysed using descriptive statistics, assumption tests, and an independent samples t-test. The experimental group achieved a higher mean posttest score (66.98) than the control group (46.11). The difference was statistically significant, , , with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.95). The findings indicate that the developed instructional materials significantly improved students’ learning outcomes compared with conventional textbook-based instruction. However, the study was limited to one school and a relatively small sample. Future studies should involve broader contexts and additional learning variables.